Star Bright

Stars may lead long, luminous lives, but for some, it’s in death that they really shine. These stars finish up as black holes but, a moment before the end, they explode, slinging material in all directions and shining with a light that can be seen throughout the universe. This end only comes to the heavies of the neighborhood, those that weigh 30 times as much as our sun or more. When it happens, their dazzling light can be seen at much greater distances than before. Thus, early observers of the heavens saw bright points of light appear in the sky where none had existed the night before, and they dubbed them “supernovae” or “new stars.” 

 

Until now, scientists had only been able to spot supernovae several days after stars in the throes of  an explosion had begun to brighten. But the scientists who investigate this phenomenon needed to be able to observe what happens to these stars in real time. That’s precisely what NASA scientists have managed to do, for the first time, and their achievement has confirmed theoretical research carried out by astrophysicist Prof. Eli Waxman of the Weizmann Institute. 

 

Aided by NASA’s advanced research satellite, “Swift,” the scientists succeeded in detecting the supernova just 160 seconds after the event began. Seeing the supernova so early in the game allowed the scientists to observe, in addition to the material flying out in all directions, jets of gamma rays and X rays shooting out from the vicinity of the explosion. This confirmed Waxman and others’ theory that supernovae are the source of gamma ray bursts that have been measured in the past. They also found that the star was composed mainly of oxygen and carbon, signs that the star was, indeed, very heavy. For the first time, scientists were able to identify shock waves emanating from the center of the star and moving toward the surface. These shock waves give rise to the gamma and x-ray radiation. The “Swift” observations have bolstered the theoretical model of such supernova explosions proposed by Waxman several years ago.      
  
Prof. Eli Waxman’s research is supported by the Rosa and Emilio Segre Fund.